The island of Zanzibar, now a part of Tanzania, was a nineteenth century East African trading empire that fell under the domination of the British who controlled it until the mid-twentieth century. sultan of zanzibar s. a. barghash ben said - sultan of zanzibar stock illustrations Beit El Ajab est le palais des merveilles, ex palais de réception des sultans. [14], However, the company began to fail, and on 1 July 1895 the British government proclaimed a protectorate, the East Africa Protectorate, the administration being transferred to the Foreign Office. 661, S.R.O. Dec 11, 2019 - Explore Mohamed Salim's board "SULTANS OF ZANZIBAR" on Pinterest. The "Protectorate of Kenya" was a 16 km (10 mi) coastal strip together with certain islands which remained under the sovereignty of the Sultan of Zanzibar until the independence of Kenya. Sultan Full name Portrait Began rule Ended rule Notes; 1: bin Said, MajidMajid bin Said: Sayyid Majid bin Said Al-Busaid: 01856-10-1919 October 1856: 01870-10-077 October 1870: Bargash bin Said attempted to usurp the throne from his brother in 1859, but failed. He established a ruling Arab elite and encouraged the development of clove plantations, using the island's slave labour. That year, however, the Society for German Colonization forced local chiefs on the mainland to agree to German protection, prompting Sultan Bargash bin Said to protest. Former Zanzibar sultan set to settle in Oman after decades-long bid for residency. Jamshid bin Abdullah, the last Sultan of Zanzibar, in exile with his wife Sheikha Anisa bint Salim Al Said and children at the St James' Hotel, London, after the Zanzibar Revolution, 21st January 1964. His third son, Thuwaini bin Said, became the Sultan of Muscat and Oman, and his sixth son, Majid bin Said, became the Sultan of Zanzibar. [21] That part of the former Protectorate was thereby constituted as the Colony of Kenya and from that time, the Sultan of Zanzibar ceased to be sovereign over that territory. The British gave Khalid an hour to vacate the Sultan's palace in Stone Town. In April 1964, the existence of this socialist republic was ended with its union with Tanganyika to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, which became known as Tanzania six months later. His successor, Barghash bin Said, helped abolish the slave trade in Zanzibar and largely developed the country's infrastructure. Under the sultan Barghash (reigned 1870–88), however, Great Britain and Germany divided most of Zanzibar’s territory on the African mainland between them and secured economic control over the remaining coastal strip. [30] Zanzibar had a population of around 230,000 natives, some of whom claimed Persian ancestry and were known locally as Shirazis. The British had wanted Hamoud bin Mohammed to become sultan, believing that he would be much easier to work with. By the late 1800s, the Omani empire was in decline, and the sultans in Zanzibar were increasingly coming under British tutelage. In 1897 Lord Delamere, the pioneer of white settlement, arrived in the Kenya highlands, which was then part of the Protectorate. Zanzibar’s longest-serving sultan, Khalīfa ibn Harūb, assumed the throne on December 9, 1911, and served until his death on October 9, 1960. The Colony of Kenya and the Protectorate of Kenya each came to an end on 12 December 1963. 2343, S.R.O. After his death in 1856, two of his sons, Majid bin Said and Thuwaini bin Said, struggled over the succession, so Zanzibar and Oman were divided into two separate principalities; Thuwaini became the sultan of Oman while Majid became the first sultan of Zanzibar. Sultan of Zanzibar book. In 1832,[2] or 1840[3] (the date varies among sources), Said bin Sultan moved his capital from Muscat in Oman to Stone Town. [17], In 1886, the British government encouraged William Mackinnon, who already had an agreement with the Sultan and whose shipping company traded extensively in the African Great Lakes, to establish British influence in the region. [28] Sultan Jamshid bin Abdullah was overthrown a month later during the Zanzibar Revolution. [19]:762[26] In this way, Kenya became an independent country under the Kenya Independence Act 1963. The British "sphere of influence", agreed at the Berlin Conference of 1885, extended up the coast and inland across the future Kenya and after 1890 included Uganda as well. Upon Said's death in 1856, his realm was divided. [29] Jamshid fled into exile, and the Sultanate was replaced by the People's Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba. [22] That coastal strip, remaining under the sovereignty of the Sultan of Zanzibar, was constituted as the Protectorate of Kenya in 1920.[14][23]. This Sultan was known to be a pro-British ruler, which means that he supported cooperation between the United Kingdom and Zanzibar. See more ideas about zanzibar, sultan, african royalty. He formed a British East Africa Association which led to the Imperial British East Africa Company being chartered in 1888 and given the original grant to administer the territory. 1920 No. [10] The third Sultan, Khalifa bin Said, also furthered the country's progress toward abolishing slavery. 661, S.R.O. & S.I. The Zanzibar Royal Family is a cadet branch of the Al Said Dynasty of Oman. There were occasional troubles with local tribes but the country was opened up by the Government and the colonists with little bloodshed. The Sultanate of Zanzibar (Swahili: Usultani wa Zanzibar, Arabic: سلطنة زنجبار, romanized: Sulṭanat Zanjībār), also known as the Zanzibar Sultanate, was an Islamic state controlled by the Sultan of Zanzibar, in place between 1856 and 1964. ", National March for the Sultan of Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, http://www.nationalanthems.info/znz-64.htm, "BRITISH EAST AFRICA. Lieutenant Colonel J. Hayes Sadler was the first governor and commander in chief. After a decline, the state controlled only Zanzibar and a 16-kilometre-wide (10 mi) strip along the Kenyan coast, with the interior of Kenya controlled by the British Kenya Colony. [30], Context for the Sultan's loss of control over his dominions, 1890 – Establishment by the British of the Zanzibar Protectorate, 1895 – Establishment by the British of the East Africa Protectorate, 1920 – Sultan loses sovereignty over what became the Colony of Kenya, 1963 – Sultan cedes sovereignty over the Protectorate of Kenya, 1963/1964 – Zanzibar Protectorate ended and Sultan deposed, 1895 – Establishment by the British of the, 1920 – Sultan loses sovereignty over what became the, East Africa Order in Council, 1902, S.R.O. Exactly 12 months later on 12 December 1964, Kenya became a republic under the name "Republic of Kenya". That year, the British and Germans secretly met and re-established the area under the sultan's rule. Until 1884, the Sultans of Zanzibar controlled a substantial portion of the Swahili Coast, known as Zanj, and trading routes extending further into the continent, as far as Kindu on the Congo River. The succession of sultans Majid bin Said would rule Zanzibar between 1856 and 1870. 53 likes. Rather, by the Zanzibar Act 1963 of the United Kingdom,[27] the UK ended the Protectorate and made provision for full-self government in Zanzibar as an independent country within the Commonwealth. The Sultans of Zanzibar (Arabic: سلاطين زنجبار ) were the rulers of the Sultanate of Zanzibar, which was created on 19 October 1856 after the death of Said bin Sultan, who had ruled Oman and Zanzibar as the Sultan of Oman since 1804. The CIA reported in 1966: “Africans have felt hostility towards the Arabs, who have been the landed aristocracy for whom the Africans have worked as indentured servants.” Academic research, led by for… At 9.02am on August 27, 1896, the Anglo-Zanzibar War broke out. The Sultans of Zanzibar were of a … Majid was succeeded by his brother Barghash bin Said (Image: Wikimedia) After Majid became the first Sultan of now-solo Zanzibar, he ruled for about three years before one of his brothers, Barghash bin Said Al-Busaid, tried to usurp him… and failed. ^ S.I. [10] Sultan Jamshid bin Abdullah was overthrown a month later during the Zanzibar Revolution. Sa'id builds impressive palaces and gardens in Zanzibar. A struggle for succession took place as the Sultan's cousin Khalid bin Barghash seized power. [4] The Sultanate's territories varied over time, and at their greatest extent spanned all of present-day Kenya and the Zanzibar Archipelago of the Swahili Coast. Khalid failed to do so, and instead assembled an army of 2,800 men to fight the British. Kenya (Annexation) Order in Council, 1920, S.R.O. The sultan then terminated the Treaty of Seeb and eliminated the office of the imam. The Sultanate of Zanzibar (Swahili: Usultani wa Zanzibar, Arabic: سلطنة زنجبار, romanized: Sulṭanat Zanjībār), also known as the Zanzibar Sultanate,[2] was an Islamic state controlled by the Sultan of Zanzibar, in place between 1856 and 1964. Zanzibar Royal Family was the ruling family of the Sultanate of Zanzibar, which was established on 19 October 1856 after the death of Said bin Sultan, who had ruled Oman and Zanzibar as the Sultan of Oman since 1804, until 12 January 1964 revolution. 246. vol. Khalid retreated and later went into exile. The sultan fledwith his family to London. Over the next few years, most of the mainland possessions of the Sultanate were taken by European imperial powers. [1], In 1698, Zanzibar became part of the overseas holdings of Oman, falling under the control of the sultan of Oman. Read 6 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. In 1832[5] or 1840,[6] Omani ruler Said bin Sultan moved his court from Muscat to Stone Town on the island of Unguja (that is, Zanzibar Island). The British gave Khalid an hour to vacate the sultan's palace in Stone Town. The United Kingdom ceded sovereignty over the Colony of Kenya and, under an agreement dated 8 October 1963, the Sultan agreed that simultaneous with independence for Kenya, the Sultan would cease to have sovereignty over the Protectorate of Kenya. Over the next few years, all of the mainland possessions of Zanzibar came to be administered by European imperial powers, beginning in 1888 when the Imperial British East Africa Company took over administration of Mombasa.[14]. Hamad bin Thuwaini . He established a ruling Arab elite and encouraged the development of clove plantations, using the island's slave labour. [19]:761 This constituted the administrator a governor and provided for legislative and executive councils. ", The Official Website of the Zanzibar Royal Family, "Zanzibar, a sultanate and British protectorate of East Africa", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sultanate_of_Zanzibar&oldid=1012944793, Former British colonies and protectorates in Africa, States and territories established in 1856, States and territories disestablished in 1964, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Swahili (macrolanguage)-language text, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 19 March 2021, at 05:10. With the signing of the Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty in 1890 during Ali bin Said's reign, Zanzibar became a British protectorate. [6] The third sultan, Khalifa bin Said, also furthered the country's progress toward abolishing slavery. [5] During his 14-year reign as sultan, Majid consolidated his power around the East African slave trade. Kenya Protectorate Order in Council, 1920, S.R.O. Both powers leased coastal territory from Zanzibar and established trading stations and outposts. He was exiled to. The Sultanate's territories varied over time, and at their greatest extent spanned all of present-day Kenya and the Zanzibar Archipelago of the Swahili Coast. In April 1964, the republic was united with Tanganyika to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, which became known as Tanzania six months later. VIII, 258, State Pp., Vol. He ruled Zanzibar until his death in 1893 when his nephew, Hamad bin Thuwaini, took the throne. [19]:762[24][25] In summary, the "Colony of Kenya" referred to the interior lands. [4] Zanzibar's commerce fell increasingly into the hands of traders from the Indian subcontinent, whom Said encouraged to settle on the island. Under an agreement reached on 8 October 1963, the Sultan of Zanzibar relinquished sovereignty over his remaining territory in Kenya, and on 12 December 1963, Kenya officially obtained independence from the British. After a decline, the state controlled only Zanzibarand a 16-kilometre-wide (10 mi) strip along the Kenyan coast, with the interior o… The British launched an attack on the palace and other locations around the city after which Khalid retreated and later went into exile. [3], United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, "Exploring the Articulation of Governmentality and Sovereignty: The Chwaka Road and the Bombardment of Zanzibar, 1895–1896", Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_sultans_of_Zanzibar&oldid=1009938250, Lists of political office-holders in Tanzania, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Bargash bin Said attempted to usurp the throne from his brother in 1859, but failed. [19]:762, On 10 December 1963, the Protectorate that had existed over Zanzibar since 1890 was terminated by the United Kingdom. 87 p. 968. Zanzibar had recently gained independence from Britain, so after he left, Sultan Jamshid flew to England and was put up in the Dorchester with all his entourage. The sultans of Zanzibar were of a cadet branch of the Al Said Dynasty of Oman. Highly Curated Apparel, Accessories & Lifestyle Goods. Sayyid Jamshid bin Abdullah was the final Sultan of Zanzibar, removed from his throne in 1963 by a communist revolution on the island famed for spices. The same year the German East Africa Company acquired formal direct rule over the coastal area previously submitted to German protection. Agreement of 14 June 1890: State pp. This era came to a violent end in 1964 in the Zanzibar revolution when the Sultan of Zanzibar, as well as the mainly Arab government, was overthrown. The National Museum of Oman in Muscat houses numerous items of silverware and … [19]:761 Lord Delamere was impressed by the agricultural possibilities of the area. The sultans of Zanzibar (Arabic: سلاطين زنجبار) were the rulers of the Sultanate of Zanzibar, which was created on 19 October 1856 after the death of Said bin Sultan, who had ruled Oman and Zanzibar as the sultan of Oman since 1804. Many factors played a part in the revolution. The British launched an attack on the palace and other locations around the city. [8] In August 1896, Britain and Zanzibar fought a 38-minute war, the shortest in recorded history, after Khalid bin Barghash had taken power after Hamid bin Thuwaini's death. He was a well-respected leader—both on Zanzibar and abroad—and was credited with being a moderating influence in the region during times of political crisis. Said’s father, Sultan bin Ahmad (?–1804), ruled Oman from 1792 to 1804 when he died on an expedition. In 1902 the boundaries of the Protectorate were extended to include what was previously the Eastern Province of Uganda. In 1861 Zanzibar was separated from Oman and became an independent sultanate, which controlled the vast African domains acquired by Saʿīd. VIII, 258, State Pp., Vol. The Sultan of Zanzibar offers remarkable insight into the pre-war generation and a long vanished age of fancy dress balls, wild parties and practical joking. Hamoud was then installed as sultan. The United Kingdom did not grant Zanzibar independence, as such, because the UK never had sovereignty over Zanzibar. Oversaw the construction of harbor in Stone Town and tar roads in, On 10 December 1963, Zanzibar received its independence from the United Kingdom as a, This page was last edited on 3 March 2021, at 01:31. Lord Delamere now commenced extensive farming operations, and in 1905, when a large number of new settlers arrived from England and South Africa, the Protectorate was transferred from the authority of the Foreign Office to that of the Colonial Office. [16], That "Zanzibar" for these purposes included the 16 km (10 mi) coastal strip of Kenya that would later become the Protectorate of Kenya was a matter recorded in the parliamentary debates at the time. Zanzibar, a valuable property as the main slave market of the east African coast, becomes an increasingly important part of the Omani empire - a fact reflected by the decision of the greatest 19th-century sultan of Oman, Sa'id ibn Sultan, to make it from 1837 his main place of residence. Sayyid Barghash bin Said Al-Busaid, GCMG, GCTE (1837 – 26 March 1888) (Arabic: برغش بن سعيد البوسعيد ), was an Omani Sultan and the son of Said bin Sultan, was the second Sultan of Zanzibar.Barghash ruled Zanzibar from 7 October 1870 to 26 March 1888.
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